"Huxley's Brave New World" - читать интересную книгу автора (Huxley Aldous)
Huxley's Brave New World
Brave New
World
by
Aldous Leonard Huxley (1894-1963)
Chapter OneA SQUAT grey building of only thirty-four
stories. Over the main entrance the words, CENTRAL LONDON HATCHERY AND
CONDITIONING CENTRE, and, in a shield, the World State's motto, COMMUNITY,
IDENTITY, STABILITY.
The enormous room on the ground floor faced towards the north. Cold
for all the summer beyond the panes, for all the tropical heat of the room
itself, a harsh thin light glared through the windows, hungrily seeking some
draped lay figure, some pallid shape of academic goose-flesh, but finding only
the glass and nickel and bleakly shining porcelain of a laboratory. Wintriness
responded to wintriness. The overalls of the workers were white, their hands
gloved with a pale corpse-coloured rubber. The light was frozen, dead, a
ghost. Only from the yellow barrels of the microscopes did it borrow a certain
rich and living substance, lying along the polished tubes like butter, streak
after luscious streak in long recession down the work
tables.
"And this," said the Director opening the door, "is the Fertilizing
Room."
Bent over their instruments, three hundred Fertilizers were plunged,
as the Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning entered the room, in the
scarcely breathing silence, the absent-minded, soliloquizing hum or whistle,
of absorbed concentration. A troop of newly arrived students, very young, pink
and callow, followed nervously, rather abjectly, at the Director's heels. Each
of them carried a notebook, in which, whenever the great man spoke, he
desperately scribbled. Straight from the horse's mouth. It was a rare
privilege. The D. H. C. for Central London always made a point of personally
conducting his new students round the various
departments.
"Just to give you a general idea," he would explain to them. For of
course some sort of general idea they must have, if they were to do their work
intelligently–though as little of one, if they were to be good and happy
members of society, as possible. For particulars, as every one knows, make for
virture and happiness; generalities are intellectually necessary evils. Not
philosophers but fretsawyers and stamp collectors compose the backbone of
society.
"To-morrow," he would add, smiling at them with a slightly menacing
geniality, "you'll be settling down to serious work. You won't have time for
generalities. Meanwhile …"
Meanwhile, it was a privilege. Straight from the horse's mouth into
the notebook. The boys scribbled like mad.
Tall and rather thin but upright, the Director advanced into the room.
He had a long chin and big rather prominent teeth, just covered, when he was
not talking, by his full, floridly curved lips. Old, young? Thirty? Fifty?
Fifty-five? It was hard to say. And anyhow the question didn't arise; in this
year of stability, A. F. 632, it didn't occur to you to ask
it.
"I shall begin at the beginning," said the D.H.C. and the more zealous
students recorded his intention in their notebooks: Begin at the
beginning. "These," he waved his hand, "are the incubators." And opening
an insulated door he showed them racks upon racks of numbered test-tubes. "The
week's supply of ova. Kept," he explained, "at blood heat; whereas the male
gametes," and here he opened another door, "they have to be kept at
thirty-five instead of thirty-seven. Full blood heat sterilizes." Rams wrapped
in theremogene beget no lambs.
Still leaning against the incubators he gave them, while the pencils
scurried illegibly across the pages, a brief description of the modern
fertilizing process; spoke first, of course, of its surgical introduction–"the
operation undergone voluntarily for the good of Society, not to mention the
fact that it carries a bonus amounting to six months' salary"; continued with
some account of the technique for preserving the excised ovary alive and
actively developing; passed on to a consideration of optimum temperature,
salinity, viscosity; referred to the liquor in which the detached and ripened
eggs were kept; and, leading his charges to the work tables, actually showed
them how this liquor was drawn off from the test-tubes; how it was let out
drop by drop onto the specially warmed slides of the microscopes; how the eggs
which it contained were inspected for abnormalities, counted and transferred
to a porous receptacle; how (and he now took them to watch the operation) this
receptacle was immersed in a warm bouillon containing free-swimming
spermatozoa–at a minimum concentration of one hundred thousand per cubic
centimetre, he insisted; and how, after ten minutes, the container was lifted
out of the liquor and its contents re-examined; how, if any of the eggs
remained unfertilized, it was again immersed, and, if necessary, yet again;
how the fertilized ova went back to the incubators; where the Alphas and Betas
remained until definitely bottled; while the Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons were
brought out again, after only thirty-six hours, to undergo Bokanovsky's
Process.
"Bokanovsky's Process," repeated the Director, and the students
underlined the words in their little notebooks.
One egg, one embryo, one adult-normality. But a bokanovskified egg
will bud, will proliferate, will divide. From eight to ninety-six buds, and
every bud will grow into a perfectly formed embryo, and every embryo into a
full-sized adult. Making ninety-six human beings grow where only one grew
before. Progress.
"Essentially," the D.H.C. concluded, "bokanovskification consists of a
series of arrests of development. We check the normal growth and,
paradoxically enough, the egg responds by budding."
Responds by budding. The pencils were
busy.
He pointed. On a very slowly moving band a rack-full of test-tubes was
entering a large metal box, another, rack-full was emerging. Machinery faintly
purred. It took eight minutes for the tubes to go through, he told them. Eight
minutes of hard X-rays being about as much as an egg can stand. A few died; of
the rest, the least susceptible divided into two; most put out four buds; some
eight; all were returned to the incubators, where the buds began to develop;
then, after two days, were suddenly chilled, chilled and checked. Two, four,
eight, the buds in their turn budded; and having budded were dosed almost to
death with alcohol; consequently burgeoned again and having budded–bud out of
bud out of bud–were thereafter–further arrest being generally fatal–left to
develop in peace. By which time the original egg was in a fair way to becoming
anything from eight to ninety-six embryos– a prodigious improvement, you will
agree, on nature. Identical twins–but not in piddling twos and threes as in
the old viviparous days, when an egg would sometimes accidentally divide;
actually by dozens, by scores at a time.
"Scores," the Director repeated and flung out his arms, as though he
were distributing largesse. "Scores."
But one of the students was fool enough to ask where the advantage
lay.
"My good boy!" The Director wheeled sharply round on him. "Can't you
see? Can't you see?" He raised a hand; his expression was solemn.
"Bokanovsky's Process is one of the major instruments of social
stability!"
Major instruments of social stability.
Standard men and women; in uniform batches. The whole of a small
factory staffed with the products of a single bokanovskified
egg.
"Ninety-six identical twins working ninety-six identical machines!"
The voice was almost tremulous with enthusiasm. "You really know where you
are. For the first time in history." He quoted the planetary motto.
"Community, Identity, Stability." Grand words. "If we could bokanovskify
indefinitely the whole problem would be solved."
Solved by standard Gammas, unvarying Deltas, uniform Epsilons.
Millions of identical twins. The principle of mass production at last applied
to biology.
"But, alas," the Director shook his head, "we can't
bokanovskify indefinitely."
Ninety-six seemed to be the limit; seventy-two a good average. From
the same ovary and with gametes of the same male to manufacture as many
batches of identical twins as possible–that was the best (sadly a second best)
that they could do. And even that was difficult.
"For in nature it takes thirty years for two hundred eggs to reach
maturity. But our business is to stabilize the population at this moment, here
and now. Dribbling out twins over a quarter of a century–what would be the use
of that?"
Obviously, no use at all. But Podsnap's Technique had immensely
accelerated the process of ripening. They could make sure of at least a
hundred and fifty mature eggs within two years. Fertilize and bokanovskify–in
other words, multiply by seventy-two–and you get an average of nearly eleven
thousand brothers and sisters in a hundred and fifty batches of identical
twins, all within two years of the same age.
"And in exceptional cases we can make one ovary yield us over fifteen
thousand adult individuals."
Beckoning to a fair-haired, ruddy young man who happened to be passing
at the moment. "Mr. Foster," he called. The ruddy young man approached. "Can
you tell us the record for a single ovary, Mr. Foster?"
"Sixteen thousand and twelve in this Centre," Mr. Foster replied
without hesitation. He spoke very quickly, had a vivacious blue eye, and took
an evident pleasure in quoting figures. "Sixteen thousand and twelve; in one
hundred and eighty-nine batches of identicals. But of course they've done much
better," he rattled on, "in some of the tropical Centres. Singapore has often
produced over sixteen thousand five hundred; and Mombasa has actually touched
the seventeen thousand mark. But then they have unfair advantages. You should
see the way a negro ovary responds to pituitary! It's quite astonishing, when
you're used to working with European material. Still," he added, with a laugh
(but the light of combat was in his eyes and the lift of his chin was
challenging), "still, we mean to beat them if we can. I'm working on a
wonderful Delta-Minus ovary at this moment. Only just eighteen months old.
Over twelve thousand seven hundred children already, either decanted or in
embryo. And still going strong. We'll beat them yet."
"That's the spirit I like!" cried the Director, and clapped Mr. Foster
on the shouder. "Come along with us, and give these boys the benefit of your
expert knowledge."
Mr. Foster smiled modestly. "With pleasure." They
went.
In the Bottling Room all was harmonious bustle and ordered activity.
Flaps of fresh sow's peritoneum ready cut to the proper size came shooting up
in little lifts from the Organ Store in the sub-basement. Whizz and then,
click! the lift-hatches hew open; the bottle-liner had only to reach out a
hand, take the flap, insert, smooth-down, and before the lined bottle had had
time to travel out of reach along the endless band, whizz, click! another flap
of peritoneum had shot up from the depths, ready to be slipped into yet
another bottle, the next of that slow interminable procession on the
band.
Next to the Liners stood the Matriculators. The procession advanced;
one by one the eggs were transferred from their test-tubes to the larger
containers; deftly the peritoneal lining was slit, the morula dropped into
place, the saline solution poured in … and already the bottle had passed, and
it was the turn of the labellers. Heredity, date of fertilization, membership
of Bokanovsky Group–details were transferred from test-tube to bottle. No
longer anonymous, but named, identified, the procession marched slowly on; on
through an opening in the wall, slowly on into the Social Predestination
Room.
"Eighty-eight cubic metres of card-index," said Mr. Foster with
relish, as they entered.
"Containing all the relevant information," added the
Director.
"Brought up to date every morning."
"And co-ordinated every afternoon."
"On the basis of which they make their
calculations."
"So many individuals, of such and such quality," said Mr.
Foster.
"Distributed in such and such quantities."
"The optimum Decanting Rate at any given moment."
"Unforeseen wastages promptly made good."
"Promptly," repeated Mr. Foster. "If you knew the amount of overtime I
had to put in after the last Japanese earthquake!" He laughed goodhumouredly
and shook his head.
"The Predestinators send in their figures to the
Fertilizers."
"Who give them the embryos they ask for."
"And the bottles come in here to be predestined in
detail."
"After which they are sent down to the Embryo
Store."
"Where we now proceed ourselves."
And opening a door Mr. Foster led the way down a staircase into the
basement.
The temperature was still tropical. They descended into a thickening
twilight. Two doors and a passage with a double turn insured the cellar
against any possible infiltration of the day.
"Embryos are like photograph film," said Mr. Foster waggishly, as he
pushed open the second door. "They can only stand red
light."
And in effect the sultry darkness into which the students now followed
him was visible and crimson, like the darkness of closed eyes on a summer's
afternoon. The bulging flanks of row on receding row and tier above tier of
bottles glinted with innumerable rubies, and among the rubies moved the dim
red spectres of men and women with purple eyes and all the symptoms of lupus.
The hum and rattle of machinery faintly stirred the air.
"Give them a few figures, Mr. Foster," said the Director, who was
tired of talking.
Mr. Foster was only too happy to give them a few
figures.
Two hundred and twenty metres long, two hundred wide, ten high. He
pointed upwards. Like chickens drinking, the students lifted their eyes
towards the distant ceiling.
Three tiers of racks: ground floor level, first gallery, second
gallery.
The spidery steel-work of gallery above gallery faded away in all
directions into the dark. Near them three red ghosts were busily unloading
demijohns from a moving staircase.
The escalator from the Social Predestination
Room.
Each bottle could be placed on one of fifteen racks, each rack, though
you couldn't see it, was a conveyor traveling at the rate of thirty-three and
a third centimetres an hour. Two hundred and sixty-seven days at eight metres
a day. Two thousand one hundred and thirty-six metres in all. One circuit of
the cellar at ground level, one on the first gallery, half on the second, and
on the two hundred and sixty-seventh morning, daylight in the Decanting Room.
Independent existence–so called.
"But in the interval," Mr. Foster concluded, "we've managed to do a
lot to them. Oh, a very great deal." His laugh was knowing and
triumphant.
"That's the spirit I like," said the Director once more. "Let's walk
around. You tell them everything, Mr. Foster."
Mr. Foster duly told them.
Told them of the growing embryo on its bed of peritoneum. Made them
taste the rich blood surrogate on which it fed. Explained why it had to be
stimulated with placentin and thyroxin. Told them of the corpus luteum
extract. Showed them the jets through which at every twelfth metre from zero
to 2040 it was automatically injected. Spoke of those gradually increasing
doses of pituitary administered during the final ninety-six metres of their
course. Described the artificial maternal circulation installed in every
bottle at Metre 112; showed them the resevoir of blood-surrogate, the
centrifugal pump that kept the liquid moving over the placenta and drove it
through the synthetic lung and waste product filter. Referred to the embryo's
troublesome tendency to anжmia, to the massive doses of hog's stomach extract
and foetal foal's liver with which, in consequence, it had to be
supplied.
Showed them the simple mechanism by means of which, during the last
two metres out of every eight, all the embryos were simultaneously shaken into
familiarity with movement. Hinted at the gravity of the so-called "trauma of
decanting," and enumerated the precautions taken to minimize, by a suitable
training of the bottled embryo, that dangerous shock. Told them of the test
for sex carried out in the neighborhood of Metre 200. Explained the system of
labelling–a T for the males, a circle for the females and for those who were
destined to become freemartins a question mark, black on a white
ground.
"For of course," said Mr. Foster, "in the vast majority of cases,
fertility is merely a nuisance. One fertile ovary in twelve hundred–that would
really be quite sufficient for our purposes. But we want to have a good
choice. And of course one must always have an enormous margin of safety. So we
allow as many as thirty per cent of the female embryos to develop normally.
The others get a dose of male sex-hormone every twenty-four metres for the
rest of the course. Result: they're decanted as freemartins–structurally quite
normal (except," he had to admit, "that they do have the slightest tendency to
grow beards), but sterile. Guaranteed sterile. Which brings us at last,"
continued Mr. Foster, "out of the realm of mere slavish imitation of nature
into the much more interesting world of human invention."
He rubbed his hands. For of course, they didn't content themselves
with merely hatching out embryos: any cow could do that.
"We also predestine and condition. We decant our babies as socialized
human beings, as Alphas or Epsilons, as future sewage workers or future …" He
was going to say "future World controllers," but correcting himself, said
"future Directors of Hatcheries," instead.
The D.H.C. acknowledged the compliment with a
smile.
They were passing Metre 320 on Rack 11. A young Beta-Minus mechanic
was busy with screw-driver and spanner on the blood-surrogate pump of a
passing bottle. The hum of the electric motor deepened by fractions of a tone
as he turned the nuts. Down, down … A final twist, a glance at the revolution
counter, and he was done. He moved two paces down the line and began the same
process on the next pump.
"Reducing the number of revolutions per minute," Mr. Foster explained.
"The surrogate goes round slower; therefore passes through the lung at longer
intervals; therefore gives the embryo less oxygen. Nothing like
oxygen-shortage for keeping an embryo below par." Again he rubbed his
hands.
"But why do you want to keep the embryo below par?" asked an ingenuous
student.
"Ass!" said the Director, breaking a long silence. "Hasn't it occurred
to you that an Epsilon embryo must have an Epsilon environment as well as an
Epsilon heredity?"
It evidently hadn't occurred to him. He was covered with
confusion.
"The lower the caste," said Mr. Foster, "the shorter the oxygen." The
first organ affected was the brain. After that the skeleton. At seventy per
cent of normal oxygen you got dwarfs. At less than seventy eyeless
monsters.
"Who are no use at all," concluded Mr. Foster.
Whereas (his voice became confidential and eager), if they could
discover a technique for shortening the period of maturation what a triumph,
what a benefaction to Society!
"Consider the horse."
They considered it.
Mature at six; the elephant at ten. While at thirteen a man is not yet
sexually mature; and is only full-grown at twenty. Hence, of course, that
fruit of delayed development, the human intelligence.
"But in Epsilons," said Mr. Foster very justly, "we don't need human
intelligence."
Didn't need and didn't get it. But though the Epsilon mind was mature
at ten, the Epsilon body was not fit to work till eighteen. Long years of
superfluous and wasted immaturity. If the physical development could be
speeded up till it was as quick, say, as a cow's, what an enormous saving to
the Community!
"Enormous!" murmured the students. Mr. Foster's enthusiasm was
infectious.
He became rather technical; spoke of the abnormal endocrine
co-ordination which made men grow so slowly; postulated a germinal mutation to
account for it. Could the effects of this germinal mutation be undone? Could
the individual Epsilon embryo be made a revert, by a suitable technique, to
the normality of dogs and cows? That was the problem. And it was all but
solved.
Pilkington, at Mombasa, had produced individuals who were sexually
mature at four and full-grown at six and a half. A scientific triumph. But
socially useless. Six-year-old men and women were too stupid to do even
Epsilon work. And the process was an all-or-nothing one; either you failed to
modify at all, or else you modified the whole way. They were still trying to
find the ideal compromise between adults of twenty and adults of six. So far
without success. Mr. Foster sighed and shook his head.
Their wanderings through the crimson twilight had brought them to the
neighborhood of Metre 170 on Rack 9. From this point onwards Rack 9 was
enclosed and the bottle performed the remainder of their journey in a kind of
tunnel, interrupted here and there by openings two or three metres
wide.
"Heat conditioning," said Mr. Foster.
Hot tunnels alternated with cool tunnels. Coolness was wedded to
discomfort in the form of hard X-rays. By the time they were decanted the
embryos had a horror of cold. They were predestined to emigrate to the
tropics, to be miner and acetate silk spinners and steel workers. Later on
their minds would be made to endorse the judgment of their bodies. "We
condition them to thrive on heat," concluded Mr. Foster. "Our colleagues
upstairs will teach them to love it."
"And that," put in the Director sententiously, "that is the secret of
happiness and virtue–liking what you've got to do. All conditioning aims at
that: making people like their unescapable social
destiny."
In a gap between two tunnels, a nurse was delicately probing with a
long fine syringe into the gelatinous contents of a passing bottle. The
students and their guides stood watching her for a few moments in
silence.
"Well, Lenina," said Mr. Foster, when at last she withdrew the syringe
and straightened herself up.
The girl turned with a start. One could see that, for all the lupus
and the purple eyes, she was uncommonly pretty.
"Henry!" Her smile flashed redly at him–a row of coral
teeth.
"Charming, charming," murmured the Director and, giving her two or
three little pats, received in exchange a rather deferential smile for
himself.
"What are you giving them?" asked Mr. Foster, making his tone very
professional.
"Oh, the usual typhoid and sleeping sickness."
"Tropical workers start being inoculated at Metre 150," Mr. Foster
explained to the students. "The embryos still have gills. We immunize the fish
against the future man's diseases." Then, turning back to Lenina, "Ten to five
on the roof this afternoon," he said, "as usual."
"Charming," said the Dhector once more, and, with a final pat, moved
away after the others.
On Rack 10 rows of next generation's chemical workers were being
trained in the toleration of lead, caustic soda, tar, chlorine. The first of a
batch of two hundred and fifty embryonic rocket-plane engineers was just
passing the eleven hundred metre mark on Rack 3. A special mechanism kept
their containers in constant rotation. "To improve their sense of balance,"
Mr. Foster explained. "Doing repairs on the outside of a rocket in mid-air is
a ticklish job. We slacken off the circulation when they're right way up, so
that they're half starved, and double the flow of surrogate when they're
upside down. They learn to associate topsy-turvydom with weli-being; in fact,
they're only truly happy when they're standing on their
heads.
"And now," Mr. Foster went on, "I'd like to show you some very
interesting conditioning for Alpha Plus Intellectuals. We have a big batch of
them on Rack 5. First Gallery level," he called to two boys who had started to
go down to the ground floor.
"They're round about Metre 900," he explained. "You can't really do
any useful intellectual conditioning till the foetuses have lost their tails.
Follow me."
But the Director had looked at his watch. "Ten to three," he said. "No
time for the intellectual embryos, I'm afraid. We must go up to the Nurseries
before the children have finished their afternoon sleep."
Mr. Foster was disappointed. "At least one glance at the Decanting
Room," he pleaded.
"Very well then." The Director smiled indulgently. "Just one
glance."
Chapter TwoMR. FOSTER was left in the Decanting Room. The D.H.C. and his students
stepped into the nearest lift and were carried up to the fifth
floor.
INFANT NURSERIES. NEO-PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING ROOMS, announced the
notice board.
The Director opened a door. They were in a large bare room, very
bright and sunny; for the whole of the southern wall was a single window. Half
a dozen nurses, trousered and jacketed in the regulation white viscose-linen
uniform, their hair aseptically hidden under white caps, were engaged in
setting out bowls of roses in a long row across the floor. Big bowls, packed
tight with blossom. Thousands of petals, ripe-blown and silkily smooth, like
the cheeks of innumerable little cherubs, but of cherubs, in that bright
light, not exclusively pink and Aryan, but also luminously Chinese, also
Mexican, also apoplectic with too much blowing of celestial trumpets, also
pale as death, pale with the posthumous whiteness of
marble.
The nurses stiffened to attention as the D.H.C. came
in.
"Set out the books," he said curtly.
In silence the nurses obeyed his command. Between the rose bowls the
books were duly set out–a row of nursery quartos opened invitingly each at
some gaily coloured image of beast or fish or bird.
"Now bring in the children."
They hurried out of the room and returned in a minute or two, each
pushing a kind of tall dumb-waiter laden, on all its four wire-netted shelves,
with eight-month-old babies, all exactly alike (a Bokanovsky Group, it was
evident) and all (since their caste was Delta) dressed in
khaki.
"Put them down on the floor."
The infants were unloaded.
"Now turn them so that they can see the flowers and
books."
Turned, the babies at once fell silent, then began to crawl towards
those clusters of sleek colours, those shapes so gay and brilliant on the
white pages. As they approached, the sun came out of a momentary eclipse
behind a cloud. The roses flamed up as though with a sudden passion from
within; a new and profound sigruficance seemed to suffuse the shining pages of
the books. From the ranks of the crawling babies came little squeals of
excitement, gurgles and twitterings of pleasure.
The Director rubbed his hands. "Excellent!" he said. "It might almost
have been done on purpose."
The swiftest crawlers were already at their goal. Small hands reached
out uncertainly, touched, grasped, unpetaling the transfigured roses,
crumpling the illuminated pages of the books. The Director waited until all
were happily busy. Then, "Watch carefully," he said. And, lifting his hand, he
gave the signal.
The Head Nurse, who was standing by a switchboard at the other end of
the room, pressed down a little lever.
There was a violent explosion. Shriller and ever shriller, a siren
shrieked. Alarm bells maddeningly sounded.
The children started, screamed; their faces were distorted with
terror.
"And now," the Director shouted (for the noise was deafening), "now we
proceed to rub in the lesson with a mild electric shock."
He waved his hand again, and the Head Nurse pressed a second lever.
The screaming of the babies suddenly changed its tone. There was something
desperate, almost insane, about the sharp spasmodic yelps to which they now
gave utterance. Their little bodies twitched and stiffened; their limbs moved
jerkily as if to the tug of unseen wires.
"We can electrify that whole strip of floor," bawled the Director in
explanation. "But that's enough," he signalled to the
nurse.
The explosions ceased, the bells stopped ringing, the shriek of the
siren died down from tone to tone into silence. The stiffly twitching bodies
relaxed, and what had become the sob and yelp of infant maniacs broadened out
once more into a normal howl of ordinary terror.
"Offer them the flowers and the books again."
The nurses obeyed; but at the approach of the roses, at the mere sight
of those gaily-coloured images of pussy and cock-a-doodle-doo and baa-baa
black sheep, the infants shrank away in horror, the volume of their howling
suddenly increased.
"Observe," said the Director triumphantly,
"observe."
Books and loud noises, fiowers and electric shocks–already in the
infant mind these couples were compromisingly linked; and after two hundred
repetitions of the same or a similar lesson would be wedded indissolubly. What
man has joined, nature is powerless to put asunder.
"They'll grow up with what the psychologists used to call an
'instinctive' hatred of books and flowers. Reflexes unalterably conditioned.
They'll be safe from books and botany all their lives." The Director turned to
his nurses. "Take them away again."
Still yelling, the khaki babies were loaded on to their dumb-waiters
and wheeled out, leaving behind them the smell of sour milk and a most welcome
silence.
One of the students held up his hand; and though he could see quite
well why you couldn't have lower-cast people wasting the Community's time over
books, and that there was always the risk of their reading something which
might undesirably decondition one of their reflexes, yet … well, he couldn't
understand about the flowers. Why go to the trouble of making it
psychologically impossible for Deltas to like flowers?
Patiently the D.H.C. explained. If the children were made to scream at
the sight of a rose, that was on grounds of high economic policy. Not so very
long ago (a century or thereabouts), Gammas, Deltas, even Epsilons, had been
conditioned to like flowers–flowers in particular and wild nature in general.
The idea was to make them want to be going out into the country at every
available opportunity, and so compel them to consume
transport.
"And didn't they consume transport?" asked the
student.
"Quite a lot," the D.H.C. replied. "But nothing
else."
Primroses and landscapes, he pointed out, have one grave defect: they
are gratuitous. A love of nature keeps no factories busy. It was decided to
abolish the love of nature, at any rate among the lower classes; to abolish
the love of nature, but not the tendency to consume transport. For of
course it was essential that they should keep on going to the country, even
though they hated it. The problem was to find an economically sounder reason
for consuming transport than a mere affection for primroses and landscapes. It
was duly found.
"We condition the masses to hate the country," concluded the Director.
"But simultaneously we condition them to love all country sports. At the same
time, we see to it that all country sports shall entail the use of elaborate
apparatus. So that they consume manufactured articles as well as transport.
Hence those electric shocks."
"I see," said the student, and was silent, lost in
admiration.
There was a silence; then, clearing his throat, "Once upon a time,"
the Director began, "while our Ford was still on earth, there was a little boy
called Reuben Rabinovitch. Reuben was the child of Polish-speaking
parents."
The Director interrupted himself. "You know what Polish is, I
suppose?"
"A dead language."
"Like French and German," added another student, officiously showing
off his learning.
"And 'parent'?" questioned the D.H.C.
There was an uneasy silence. Several of the boys blushed. They had not
yet learned to draw the significant but often very fine distinction between
smut and pure science. One, at last, had the courage to raise a
hand.
"Human beings used to be …" he hesitated; the blood rushed to his
cheeks. "Well, they used to be viviparous."
"Quite right." The Director nodded approvingly.
"And when the babies were decanted …"
"'Born,'" came the correction.
"Well, then they were the parents–I mean, not the babies, of course;
the other ones." The poor boy was overwhelmed with
confusion.
"In brief," the Director summed up, "the parents were the father and
the mother." The smut that was really science fell with a crash into the boys'
eye-avoiding silence. "Mother," he repeated loudly rubbing in the science;
and, leaning back in his chair, "These," he said gravely, "are unpleasant
facts; I know it. But then most historical facts are
unpleasant."
He returned to Little Reuben–to Little Reuben, in whose room, one
evening, by an oversight, his father and mother (crash, crash!) happened to
leave the radio turned on.
("For you must remember that in those days of gross viviparous
reproduction, children were always brought up by their parents and not in
State Conditioning Centres.")
While the child was asleep, a broadcast programme from London suddenly
started to come through; and the next morning, to the astonishment of his
crash and crash (the more daring of the boys ventured to grin at one another),
Little Reuben woke up repeating word for word a long lecture by that curious
old writer ("one of the very few whose works have been permitted to come down
to us"), George Bernard Shaw, who was speaking, according to a
well-authenticated tradition, about his own genius. To Little Reuben's wink
and snigger, this lecture was, of course, perfectly incomprehensible and,
imagining that their child had suddenly gone mad, they sent for a doctor. He,
fortunately, understood English, recognized the discourse as that which Shaw
had broadcasted the previous evening, realized the significance of what had
happened, and sent a letter to the medical press about
it.
"The principle of sleep-teaching, or hypnopжdia, had been discovered."
The D.H.C. made an impressive pause.
The principle had been discovered; but many, many years were to elapse
before that principle was usefully applied.
"The case of Little Reuben occurred only twenty-three years after Our
Ford's first T-Model was put on the market." (Here the Director made a sign of
the T on his stomach and all the students reverently followed suit.) "And yet
…"
Furiously the students scribbled. "Hypnopжdia, first used
officially in A.F. 214. Why not before? Two reasons. (a)
…"
"These early experimenters," the D.H.C. was saying, "were on the wrong
track. They thought that hypnopжdia could be made an instrument of
intellectual education …"
(A small boy asleep on his right side, the right arm stuck out, the
right hand hanging limp over the edge of the bed. Through a round grating in
the side of a box a voice speaks softly.
"The Nile is the longest river in Africa and the second in length of
all the rivers of the globe. Although falling short of the length of the
Mississippi-Missouri, the Nile is at the head of all rivers as regards the
length of its basin, which extends through 35 degrees of latitude
…"
At breakfast the next morning, "Tommy," some one says, "do you know
which is the longest river in Africa?" A shaking of the head. "But don't you
remember something that begins: The Nile is the …"
"The - Nile - is - the - longest - river - in - Africa - and - the -
second - in - length - of - all - the - rivers - of - the - globe …" The words
come rushing out. "Although - falling - short - of …"
"Well now, which is the longest river in Africa?"
The eyes are blank. "I don't know."
"But the Nile, Tommy."
"The - Nile - is - the - longest - river - in - Africa - and - second
…"
"Then which river is the longest, Tommy?"
Tommy burst into tears. "I don't know," he
howls.)
That howl, the Director made it plain, discouraged the earliest
invesfigators. The experiments were abandoned. No further attempt was made to
teach children the length of the Nile in their sleep. Quite rightly. You can't
learn a science unless you know what it's all about.
"Whereas, if they'd only started on moral education," said the
Director, leading the way towards the door. The students followed him,
desperately scribbling as they walked and all the way up in the lift. "Moral
education, which ought never, in any circumstances, to be
rational."
"Silence, silence," whispered a loud speaker as they stepped out at
the fourteenth floor, and "Silence, silence," the trumpet mouths indefatigably
repeated at intervals down every corridor. The students and even the Director
himself rose automatically to the tips of their toes. They were Alphas, of
course, but even Alphas have been well conditioned. "Silence, silence." All
the air of the fourteenth floor was sibilant with the categorical
imperative.
Fifty yards of tiptoeing brought them to a door which the Director
cautiously opened. They stepped over the threshold into the twilight of a
shuttered dormitory. Eighty cots stood in a row against the wall. There was a
sound of light regular breathing and a continuous murmur, as of very faint
voices remotely whispering.
A
nurse rose as they entered and came to attention before the
Director.
"What's the lesson this afternoon?" he asked.
"We had Elementary Sex for the first forty minutes," she answered.
"But now it's switched over to Elementary Class
Consciousness."
The Director walked slowly down the long line of cots. Rosy and
relaxed with sleep, eighty little boys and girls lay seftly hreathing. There
was a whisper under every pillow. The D.H.C. halted and, bending over one of
the little beds, listened attentively.
"Elementary Class Consciousness, did you say? Let's have it repeated a
little louder by the trumpet."
At the end of the room a loud speaker projected from the wall. The
Director walked up to it and pressed a switch.
"… all wear green," said a soft but very distinct voice, beginning in
the middle of a sentence, "and Delta Children wear khaki. Oh no, I don't want
to play with Delta children. And Epsilons are still worse. They're too stupid
to be able to read or write. Besides they wear black, which is such a beastly
colour. I'm so glad I'm a Beta."
There was a pause; then the voice began again.
"Alpha children wear grey They work much harder than we do, because
they're so frightfully clever. I'm really awfuly glad I'm a Beta, because I
don't work so hard. And then we are much better than the Gammas and Deltas.
Gammas are stupid. They all wear green, and Delta children wear khaki. Oh no,
I don't want to play with Delta children. And Epsilons are still worse.
They're too stupid to be able …"
The Director pushed back the switch. The voice was silent. Only its
thin ghost continued to mutter from beneath the eighty
pillows.
"They'll have that repeated forty or fifty times more before they
wake; then again on Thursday, and again on Saturday. A hundred and twenty
times three times a week for thirty months. After which they go on to a more
advanced lesson."
Roses and electric shocks, the khaki of Deltas and a whiff of
asafњtida–wedded indissolubly before the child can speak. But wordless
conditioning is crude and wholesale; cannot bring home the finer distinctions,
cannot inculcate the more complex courses of behaviour. For that there must be
words, but words without reason. In brief, hypnopжdia.
"The greatest moralizing and socializing force of all
time."
The students took it down in their little books. Straight from the
horse's mouth.
Once more the Director touched the switch.
"… so frightfully clever," the soft, insinuating, indefatigable voice
was saying, "I'm really awfully glad I'm a Beta, because
…"
Not so much like drops of water, though water, it is true, can wear
holes in the hardest granite; rather, drops of liquid sealing-wax, drops that
adhere, incrust, incorporate themselves with what they fall on, till finally
the rock is all one scarlet blob.
"Till at last the child's mind is these suggestions, and the
sum of the suggestions is the child's mind. And not the child's mind
only. The adult's mind too–all his life long. The mind that judges and desires
and decides–made up of these suggestions. But all these suggestions are
our suggestions!" The Director almost shouted in his triumph.
"Suggestions from the State." He banged the nearest table. "It therefore
follows …"
A
noise made him turn round.
"Oh, Ford!" he said in another tone, "I've gone and woken the
children."
Chapter ThreeOUTSIDE, in the garden, it was playtime. Naked in
the warm June sunshine, six or seven hundred little boys and girls were
running with shrill yells over the lawns, or playing ball games, or squatting
silently in twos and threes among the flowering shrubs. The roses were in
bloom, two nightingales soliloquized in the boskage, a cuckoo was just going
out of tune among the lime trees. The air was drowsy with the murmur of bees
and helicopters.
The Director and his students stood for a short time watching a game
of Centrifugal Bumble-puppy. Twenty children were grouped in a circle round a
chrome steel tower. A ball thrown up so as to land on the platform at the top
of the tower rolled down into the interior, fell on a rapidly revolving disk,
was hurled through one or other of the numerous apertures pierced in the
cylindrical casing, and had to be caught.
"Strange," mused the Director, as they turned away, "strange to think
that even in Our Ford's day most games were played without more apparatus than
a ball or two and a few sticks and perhaps a bit of netting. imagine the folly
of allowing people to play elaborate games which do nothing whatever to
increase consumption. It's madness. Nowadays the Controllers won't approve of
any new game unless it can be shown that it requires at least as much
apparatus as the most complicated of existing games." He interrupted
himself.
"That's a charming little group," he said,
pointing.
In a little grassy bay between tall clumps of Mediterranean heather,
two children, a little boy of about seven and a little girl who might have
been a year older, were playing, very gravely and with all the focussed
attention of scientists intent on a labour of discovery, a rudimentary sexual
game.
"Charming, charming!" the D.H.C. repeated
sentimentally.
"Charming," the boys politely agreed. But their smile was rather
patronizing. They had put aside similar childish amusements too recently to be
able to watch them now without a touch of contempt. Charming? but it was just
a pair of kids fooling about; that was all. Just kids.
"I always think," the Director was continuing in the same rather
maudlin tone, when he was interrupted by a loud
boo-hooing.
From a neighbouring shrubbery emerged a nurse, leading by the hand a
small boy, who howled as he went. An anxious-looking little girl trotted at
her heels.
"What's the matter?" asked the Director.
The nurse shrugged her shoulders. "Nothing much," she answered. "It's
just that this little boy seems rather reluctant to join in the ordinary
erotic play. I'd noticed it once or twice before. And now again to-day. He
started yelling just now …"
"Honestly," put in the anxious-looking little girl, "I didn't mean to
hurt him or anything. Honestly."
"Of course you didn't, dear," said the nurse reassuringly. "And so,"
she went on, turning back to the Director, "I'm taking him in to see the
Assistant Superintendent of Psychology. Just to see if anything's at all
abnormal."
"Ouite right," said the Director. "Take him in. You stay here, little
girl," he added, as the nurse moved away with her still howling charge.
"What's your name?"
"Polly Trotsky."
"And a very good name too," said the Director. "Run away now and see
if you can find some other little boy to play with."
The child scampered off into the bushes and was lost to
sight.
"Exquisite little creature!" said the Director, looking after her.
Then, turning to his students, "What I'm going to tell you now," he said, "may
sound incredible. But then, when you're not accustomed to history, most facts
about the past do sound incredible."
He let out the amazing truth. For a very long period before the time
of Our Ford, and even for some generations afterwards, erotic play between
children had been regarded as abnormal (there was a roar of laughter); and not
only abnormal, actually immoral (no!): and had therefore been rigorously
suppressed.
A
look of astonished incredulity appeared on the faces of his listeners. Poor
little kids not allowed to amuse themselves? They could not believe
it.
"Even adolescents," the D.H.C. was saying, "even adolescents like
yourselves …"
"Not possible!"
"Barring a little surreptitious auto-erotism and
homosexuality–absolutely nothing."
"Nothing?"
"In most cases, till they were over twenty years
old."
"Twenty years old?" echoed the students in a chorus of loud
disbelief.
"Twenty," the Director repeated. "I told you that you'd find it
incredible."
"But what happened?" they asked. "What were the
results?"
"The results were terrible." A deep resonant voice broke startlingly
into the dialogue.
They looked around. On the fringe of the little group stood a
stranger–a man of middle height, black-haired, with a hooked nose, full red
lips, eyes very piercing and dark. "Terrible," he
repeated.
The D.H.C. had at that moment sat down on one of the steel and rubber
benches conveniently scattered through the gardens; but at the sight of the
stranger, he sprang to his feet and darted forward, his hand outstretched,
smiling with all his teeth, effusive.
"Controller! What an unexpected pleasure! Boys, what are you thinking
of? This is the Controller; this is his fordship, Mustapha
Mond."
In the four thousand rooms of the Centre the four thousand electric
clocks simultaneously struck four. Discarnate voices called from the trumpet
mouths.
"Main Day-shift off duty. Second Day-shift take over. Main Day-shift
off …"
In the lift, on their way up to the changing rooms, Henry Foster and
the Assistant Director of Predestination rather pointedly turned their backs
on Bernard Marx from the Psychology Bureau: averted themselves from that
unsavoury reputation.
The faint hum and rattle of machinery still stirred the crimson air in
the Embryo Store. Shifts might come and go, one lupus-coloured face give place
to another; majestically and for ever the conveyors crept forward with their
load of future men and women.
Lenina Crowne walked briskly towards the door.
His fordship Mustapha Mond! The eyes of the saluting students almost
popped out of their heads. Mustapha Mond! The Resident Controller for Western
Europe! One of the Ten World Controllers. One of the Ten … and he sat down on
the bench with the D.H.C., he was going to stay, to stay, yes, and actually
talk to them … straight from the horse's mouth. Straight from the mouth of
Ford himself.
Two shrimp-brown children emerged from a neighbouring shrubbery,
stared at them for a moment with large, astonished eyes, then returned to
their amusements among the leaves.
"You all remember," said the Controller, in his strong deep voice,
"you all remember, I suppose, that beautiful and inspired saying of Our
Ford's: History is bunk. History," he repeated slowly, "is
bunk."
He waved his hand; and it was as though, with an invisible feather
wisk, he had brushed away a little dust, and the dust was Harappa, was Ur of
the Chaldees; some spider-webs, and they were Thebes and Babylon and Cnossos
and Mycenae. Whisk. Whisk–and where was Odysseus, where was Job, where were
Jupiter and Gotama and Jesus? Whisk–and those specks of antique dirt called
Athens and Rome, Jerusalem and the Middle Kingdom–all were gone. Whisk–the
place where Italy had been was empty. Whisk, the cathedrals; whisk, whisk,
King Lear and the Thoughts of Pascal. Whisk, Passion; whisk, Requiem; whisk,
Symphony; whisk …
"Going to the Feelies this evening, Henry?" enquired the Assistant
Predestinator. "I hear the new one at the Alhambra is first-rate. There's a
love scene on a bearskin rug; they say it's marvellous. Every hair of the bear
reproduced. The most amazing tactual effects."
"That's why you're taught no history," the Controller was saying. "But
now the time has come …"
The D.H.C. looked at him nervously. There were those strange rumours
of old forbidden books hidden in a safe in the Controller's study. Bibles,
poetry–Ford knew what.
Mustapha Mond intercepted his anxious glance and the corners of his
red lips twitched ironically.
"It's all right, Director," he said in a tone of faint derision, "I
won't corrupt them."
The D.H.C. was overwhelmed with confusion.
Those who feel themselves despised do well to look despising. The
smile on Bernard Marx's face was contemptuous. Every hair on the bear
indeed!
"I shall make a point of going," said Henry
Foster.
Mustapha Mond leaned forward, shook a finger at them. "Just try to
realize it," he said, and his voice sent a strange thrill quivering along
their diaphragms. "Try to realize what it was like to have a viviparous
mother."
That smutty word again. But none of them dreamed, this time, of
smiling.
"Try to imagine what 'living with one's family'
meant."
They tried; but obviously without the smallest
success.
"And do you know what a 'home' was?"
They shook their heads.
From her dim crimson cellar Lenina Crowne shot up seventeen stories,
turned to the right as she stepped out of the lift, walked down a long
corridor and, opening the door marked GIRLS' DRESSING-ROOM, plunged into a
deafening chaos of arms and bosoms and underclothing. Torrents of hot water
were splashing into or gurgling out of a hundred baths. Rumbling and hissing,
eighty vibro-vacuum massage machines were simultaneously kneading and sucking
the firm and sunburnt flesh of eighty superb female specimens. Every one was
talking at the top of her voice. A Synthetic Music machine was warbling out a
super-cornet solo.
"Hullo, Fanny," said Lenina to the young woman who had the pegs and
locker next to hers.
Fanny worked in the Bottling Room, and her surname was also Crowne.
But as the two thousand million inhabitants of the plant had only ten thousand
names between them, the coincidence was not particularly
surprising.
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