"J.R.R. Tolkien - The History of Middle-Earth - 00" - читать интересную книгу автора (Tolkien J.R.R)

PARMA ENDORION:
Essays On Middle-earth




The Hunting Party I
Copyright ┬й Anke Eissmann. Used by permission.



Electronic Book Edition
by Michael L. Martinez
layout and design by Matt Tinaglia
Parma Endorion


TABLE OF CONTENTS
i. Copyright .................................................................................................................................... 4
ii. Introduction to the First Edition (1996)..................................................................................... 5
Note on accuracy..................................................................................................................................................5
Stern Warning ......................................................................................................................................................5
iii. Introduction to the Second Edition (1998) ............................................................................... 6
iv. Introduction to the Third Edition (2001) ................................................................................... 8
Chapter 1: The Geography of Arda ............................................................................................... 9
The Continents Of Arda ........................................................................................................................... 9
Aman (The Undying Lands) ..............................................................................................................................10
Valinor...........................................................................................................................................................10
Eldamar .........................................................................................................................................................11
Araman..........................................................................................................................................................12
Avathar..........................................................................................................................................................13
Elenna (Numenor)..............................................................................................................................................13
The Mittalmar (Inlands) ................................................................................................................................14
The Orrostar (Northeast lands)......................................................................................................................14
The Forostar (North lands) ............................................................................................................................14
The Andustar (West lands)............................................................................................................................14
The Hyarnustar (Southwest lands) ................................................................................................................15
The Hyarrostar (Southeast lands) ..................................................................................................................15
Endor (The Middle Lands).................................................................................................................................15
Beleriand (Land of the Valar)........................................................................................................................15
Eriador (Land Between the Mountains) ........................................................................................................16
Rhovanion (Wilderland)................................................................................................................................17
Gondor (Land of Stone) ................................................................................................................................18
Near Harad (Near South)...............................................................................................................................18
Far Harad (Far South)....................................................................................................................................18
Mordor (Black Land) ....................................................................................................................................19
Rhun (the East)..............................................................................................................................................19
Hyarmenor (The Dark Lands) ............................................................................................................................20
Romenor (The Eastern Lands) ...........................................................................................................................20
Chapter 2: A Brief History of Arda ............................................................................................. 21