"John Dobson. Einstein's Physics Of Illusion (англ.)" - читать интересную книгу автора

get by letting that hydrogen fall together by gravity. So nuclear energy is
not a big thing, and we have only five kinds of energy to choose from in
order to find out what kind of energy makes the primordial hydrogen hard to
shake. That, you remember, was our problem.
What we want is potential energy, because the hydrogen is hard to shake
even when it's not doing a thing. So what we're after is potential energy,
and that restricts it quite a bit more. Radiation has nothing to do with
that. Radiation never stands still. And kinetic energy never stands still.
And even magnetic energy never stands still. So we are left with electricity
and gravity. There are only two. We don't have any choice at all. There is
just the gravitational energy and the electrical energy of this universe
available to make this universe as heavy or as massive as we find it.
Now I should remind you that the amount of energy we're talking about
is very large. It's five hundred atom bombs per pound. One quart of yogurt,
on the open market, is worth one thousand atom bombs. It just happens that
we're not in the open market place. We live where we have no way to get the
energy of that yogurt to change form to kinetic energy or radiation so that
we can do anything with it. It's tied up in there in such a way that we
can't get it out. But right now we're going to talk about the possibility of
getting it out. We want to talk about how this tremendous energy is tied up
in there. We want to talk about how this matter is "wound up".
First let's talk about watches. We know how they're wound up. They're
wound up against a spring. Now when we wind up a watch, what I want to know
is whether it gets heavier or lighter. If we have a watch, and if we wind it
up, does it get harder to shake or easier? It gets harder to shake because
when we wind it up we put more potential energy into it, and energy is the
only thing in the universe that's hard to shake. So now we want to know in
what way the whole universe is wound up to make it heavy and hard to shake.
We know that it must be wound up against electricity and gravity. The
question is: How? We need to know some details on how to wind things up.
How, for instance, do you wind up against gravity? You wind against gravity
by pulling things apart in the gravitational field. They all want to go back
together again. And if the entire universe were to fall together to a single
blob, the gravitational energies that would be released to other forms would
be five hundred atom bombs per pound. The universe is wound up on
gravitational energy just by being spaced away from itself against the
gravitational pull inward. And it turns out to be just the right amount. It
really does account for the fact that it's five hundred atom bombs per
pound. Einstein's Physics Of Illusion


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How do we wind up against electricity? We push like charges toward
each other. If you push two electrons toward each other you have to do work,
and it gets heavier or more massive. If you push two protons toward each
other it gets more massive. And if you take a single electrical charge and
make it very small, since you're pushing like charge toward itself, it too
becomes more massive. Now it turns out that the work that's represented by a
smallness of all the teeny-weeny particles that make up the hydrogen atoms
and all the rest of this stuff is, once again, five hundred atom bombs per