"Monadology" - читать интересную книгу автора (Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm)

when one turns continuously round in the same way several times in
succession, whence comes a giddiness which may make us swoon, and
which keeps us from distinguishing anything. Death can for a time
put animals into this condition.

22. And as every present state of a simple substance is naturally
a consequence of its preceding state, in such a way that its present
is big with its future; (Theod. 350.)

23. And as, on waking from stupor, we are conscious of our
perceptions, we must have had perceptions immediately before we awoke,
although we were not at all conscious of them; for one perception
can in a natural way come only from another perception, as a motion
can in a natural way come only from a motion. (Theod. 401-403.)

24. It thus appears that if we had in our perceptions nothing marked
and, so to speak, striking and highly-flavoured, we should always be
in a state of stupor. And this is the state in which the bare Monads
are.

25. We see also that nature has given heightened perceptions to
animals, from the care she has taken to provide them with organs,
which collect numerous rays of light, or numerous undulations of the
air, in order, by uniting them, to make them have greater effect.
Something similar to this takes place in smell, in taste and in touch,
and perhaps in a number of other senses, which are unknown to us.
And I will explain presently how that which takes place in the soul
represents what happens in the bodily organs.

26. Memory provides the soul with a kind of consecutiveness, which
resembles [imite] reason, but which is to be distinguished from it.
Thus we see that when animals have a perception of something which
strikes them and of which they have formerly had a similar perception,
they are led, by means of representation in their memory, to expect
what was combined with the thing in this previous perception, and they
come to have feelings similar to those they had on the former
occasion. For instance, when a stick is shown to dogs, they remember
the pain it has caused them, and howl and run away. (Theod. Discours
de la Conformite, &c., ss. 65.)

27. And the strength of the mental image which impresses and moves
them comes either from the magnitude or the number of the preceding
perceptions. For often a strong impression produces all at once the
same effect as a long-formed habit, or as many and oft-repeated
ordinary perceptions.

28. In so far as the concatenation of their perceptions is due to
the principle of memory alone, men act like the lower animals,
resembling the empirical physicians, whose methods are those of mere
practice without theory. Indeed, in three-fourths of our actions we