"Cliff Notes - Midsummer Night's Dream, A" - читать интересную книгу автора (Cliff Notes)

WELKIN (III, ii, 356): heavens, sky

WOT (III, ii, 422): know

NEAF (IV, i, 19): fist

CRY (IV, i, 123): pack of hounds

DOLE (V, i, 270): source of sorrow

^^^^^^^^^^A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM: VERBS

Shakespearean verb forms differ from modern usage in three main ways:

1. Questions and negatives could be formed without using "do/did," as when Oberon asks Titania:

How long within this wood intend you stay?
(II, i, 138)

where today we would say, "How long do you intend to stay?" or as when Demetrius tells Helen:

I love thee not, therefore pursue me not.
(II, i, 189)

where modern usage demands, "I do not love you, so don't follow me."

Shakespeare had the option of using forms (a) or (b), whereas contemporary usage permits only the (a) forms:

a b

What are you saying? What say you?

What did you say? What said you?

I do not love you. I love you not.

I did not love you. I loved you not.

2. A number of past participles and past tense forms are used that would be ungrammatical today. Among these are "broke" for "broken":

By all the vows that ever men have broke,
(I, i, 175)

"forgot" for "forgotten":

And--to speak truth--I have forgot our way.
(II, ii, 42)

"afeard" for "afraid":