"richard 3" - читать интересную книгу автора (Cliff Notes)

Shakespeare had the option of using forms a. and b. whereas contemporary usage permits only the a. forms:

a b

What are you saying? What say you?

What did you say? What said you?

I do not love you. I love you not.

I did not love you. I loved you not.

2. A number of past participles and past tense forms are used which would be ungrammatical today. Among these are:

"holp" for "helped" in:

Let him thank me that holp to send him thither
(I, ii, 107)

"forgot" for "forgotten" in:

Hath she forgot already that brave prince
(I, ii, 239)

"waked" for "woke" in:

I, trembling, waked
(I, iv, 61)

"spoke" for "spoken" in:

Spoke like a tall man that respects thy reputation
(I, iv, 154)

"bare" for "bore" in:

Some tardy cripple bare the countermand
(II, i, 91)

and "beholding" for "beholden" in:

Then he is more beholding to you than I.
(III, i, 107)

3. Archaic verb forms sometimes occur with "thou" and he, she, or it:

When thou didst crown his warlike brows with paper
And with thy scorns drewst rivers from his eyes
(I, iii, 174-5)