"Рэймонд Смаллиан. Две философские сценки (англ.)" - читать интересную книгу автораthe statements were erroneous.
EPISTEMOLOGIST: Exactly. FRANK: Most remarkable! Incidentally, what color is the book really? EPISTEMOLOGIST: It is red. FRANK: What! EPISTEMOLOGIST: Exactly! Of course the book is red. What's the matter with you, don't you have eyes? FRANK: But didn't I in effect keep saying that the book is red all along? EPISTEMOLOGIST: Of course not! You kept saying it seems red to you, it seems like it seems red to you, you believe it is red, you believe that you believe it is red, and so forth. Not once did you say that it is red. When I originally asked you "What color is the book?" if you had simply answered "red," this whole painful discussion would have been avoided. Scene 3. Frank comes back several months later to the home of the epistemologist. EPISTEMOLOGIST: How delightful to see you! Please sit down. FRANK (seated): I have been thinking of our last discussion, and there is much I wish to clear up. To begin with, I discovered an inconsistency in some of the things you said. EPISTEMOLOGIST: Delightful! I love inconsistencies. Pray tell! FRANK: Well, you claimed that although my belief sentences were false, I did not have any actual beliefs that are false. If you had not admitted that the book actually is red, you would have been consistent. But your very EPISTEMOLOGIST: How so? FRANK: Look, as you correctly pointed out, in each of my belief sentences "I believe it is red," "I believe that I believe it is red," the falsity of each one other than the first saves me from an erroneous belief in the proceeding one. However, you neglected to take into consideration the first sentence itself. The falsity of the first sentence "I believe it is red," in conjunction with the fact that it is red, does imply that I do have a false belief. EPISTEMOLOGIST: I don't see why. FRANK: It is obvious! Since the sentence "I believe it is red" is false, then I in fact believe it is not red, and since it really is red, then I do have a false belief. So there! EPISTEMOLOGIST (disappointed): I am sorry, but your proof obviously fails. Of course the falsity of the fact that you believe it is red implies that you don't believe it is red. But this does not mean that you believe it is not red! FRANK: But obviously I know that it either is red or it isn't, so if I don't believe it is, then I must believe that it isn't. EPISTEMOLOGIST: Not at all. I believe that either Jupiter has life or it doesn't. But I neither believe that it does, nor do I believe that it doesn't. I have no evidence one way or the other. FRANK: Oh well, I guess you are right. But let us come to more important matters. I honestly find it impossible that I can be in error concerning my own beliefs. |
|
|