"Jordan, Robert - Guide To The Old Tongue" - читать интересную книгу автора (Jordan Robert)

My guess is that this phrase should probably be translated
"to all servant". Thus "aes" would probably be a contraction of
"a" and the word meaning "all". "Sedai" would then mean servant.

aethan dor = red shields
An aiel warrior society. Possibly the "-n" ending indicates
that "aethan" means shields, and thus "dor" would be another
word for "red" in addition to "cal".

al caldazar = the red eagle
The sign of Manetheren. "Cal" means "red", and "dalzar" means
"eagle".

al ellisande = the rose of the sun
The sign for Aemon's wife, Eldrene. "Ellisande" can probably be
divided into two words, but I have no idea how.

alcair dal = the golden bowl
An aiel meeting place. "Cair" means "gold" and "dal" means bowl.

atha'an miere = the sea folk
Probably literally "people sea" as "miere" means "sea", "atha'an"
is the pluralization of "atha" meaning "person"

Caballein misain ye = I am a free man
Probably literally "Free man am I". "Cab" means "free",
"allein" means "man", "misain" means "am", and "ye" means "I".

Carai an caldazar = For the honor of the red eagle
"Carai" means "honor", "an" is a preposition in this case, probably
"of", "cal" means "red" and "dazar" means "eagle".

Carai an ellisande = for the honor of the rose of the sun
"Carai" means "honor", "an" is a preposition meaning "of" and
"ellisande" means "the rose of the sun".

cor darei = night spears
An Aiel warrior society. "Cor" means "night" and "darei" means
"spears".

da'es daemar = the great game /or/ the game of the houses.
I have no idea what any of the two to three words in this phrase
mean.

da'shain aiel = the original name for the aiel
"Aiel" means dedicated. See note 1 above for interpretation of
da'shain.

dai shan = battle lord
"Dai" means "battle", "shan" means lord. See also note 1 above.